The Casino Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

The Casino Hotel Industry Tourism Essay The Casino inn Industry alludes to foundations basically occupied with giving transient housing in lodging offices with a club on the premises (IBISWorld, 2012). Gambling club inns furnish dwelling in inn comforts with a gambling club on the premises and it is appear to have incredible development in the previous decade. This blast in club inn industry gave the financial specialist to build up an extravagance and gambling club lodgings in numerous area. The gambling club industry creates income from full scope of administrations and conveniences, for example, gaming, food and drink, rooms, feasting, retail space, amusement, meeting offices and so forth. Inside the previous 25 years, the business club industry has encountered critical development by working just in Neveda and Atlantic City, New Jersey to working 566 gambling clubs in 22 states in 2010 (Bazelon, Neels, Seth, 2012). The planned income from gaming has moved betting from doing unlawful action to a genuine business and at right now lodgings are additionally offering gambling club administration. Because of monetary emergency in 2008 and 2009, the income had declined as individuals were aiming to spend less cash on betting and not taking excursion. The expanding joblessness made purchaser to spend less and be progressively particular while going through their cash. After the emergency, in 2010 and 2011 there is a colossal change and the income in club inn industry went high be that as it may, it is gauge that income will additionally become 3.9% to $47.8 billion of every 2012 (IBISWorld, 2012). The presentation of Casino lodging makes business chance to the nearby networks and creates charge income for the legislature. Club lodging industry essentially relies upon the financial state of the nation and eagerness to travel which energies industry income development. After the financial development, the buyer spending has been expanded where their extra cash has likewise been raised thus as their spending. Individuals will in general spend their salary in various assortment of ways, for example, recreational, voyaging, amusement, betting and so on. This has gotten exceptionally trying for gambling club industry as shoppers are visiting club more frequently than past. The increasing pace of voyaging individuals and customer spending drives industry income development that will in general contend with expanding worldwide rivalry of gambling club lodging industry. Due to declining request of Casino Hotel industry in 2007, Macau and China took the universes biggest club betting ar ea over the Las Vegas. There are more openings of worldwide gambling club inn that have fundamentally expanded the opposition for the US gambling club inn business. Since, purchasers are progressively specific about their spending they would prefer to pick better recreational exercises that can either be globally or locally. There are 300 land-based club with going with housing offices and at present it shows that Casino and gaming is covering the inns and housing industry. The pattern of Casino lodging industry in extravagance advertise is to give the amusement intermingling for example is to pull in more individuals and to give assortment of offices as such the clients will extend their remain and appreciate the cutting edge gambling club inn property (Energy and Environmental Analysis Inc, 2005). Industry Growth Analysis Current Industry Trends The gambling club and lodging can be either independent or involves the two inns office just as club office. The business unequivocally relies upon the current financial circumstance, as such individuals want to travel when they have tremendous measure of extra cash. Because of downturn of economy in 2007 and 2008 there was a declining request of this areas and deals dropped route down and the explanation for is they are more worry about their financing. Hence, Casino Industry was cutting the administrations like betting and other amusement. There is decrease of household and worldwide travel in United States and the presentation of this industry decay as gambling club inns depend more on sightseers visiting. Gradually recouping economy shows that there is slow addition of guests as customer spending in 2012 has been increment by 1.9% in result the buyers are visiting the club all the more regularly. In any case, the opposition from others, for example, American Indian gambling clubs, comparable club gaming places, web based gaming, and universal gambling clubs make the business to stay touchy. In 2012, industry benefit is evaluated to represent 8.2% of income (IBISWorld, 2012). Economy recuperation bolster development Throughout the following five years time frame it is evaluated that the spending from every individuals anticipated to be expanded. It is estimated that the buyer spending will increment at an annualized pace of 2.8% (IBISWorld, 2012). This will prompt the improvement of the gambling club inn industry that will consequently make opening for work and hence the joblessness rate will diminish. The consequence of getting work will in general get buyer to go through more cash-flow in voyaging and betting. Thus there will be a tremendous interest of inn gambling club industry in future. Market estimate of Casino lodgings shows the drawn out position and future development pattern. showcase estimate Recovered from: http://www.anythingresearch.com/industry/Casino-Hotels.htm The development of industry can likewise observe for the most part in spring and summer as opposed to winter or fall. Sightseers might want to go during the better climate condition while going through their cash. The business will see elite and increment income in better climate condition, for example, in spring and summer of every year. The presentation of industry can be estimated dependent on the valuation and contrast and other comparative industry. In household showcase, the business appears to be full grown in industry life cycle hence the major different organizations are extending the business universally. The degree anyway in Macau and China is in expanding patterns, as an outcome the financial specialist would need to accomplish higher development in the income. Examination of contending organizations There are different ventures that contend with one another. The present contention seriousness in gambling club inn is moderately high in nature. These contending firms are Caesars Entertainment Corporation, MGM Resorts International, Las Vegas Sands Corporation, and Wynn Resorts Limited. Recovered from: http://clients1.ibisworld.com/reports/us/industry/majorcompanies.aspx?entid=1662 Casears Entertainment Corporation The universes biggest club administrator whose piece of the pie is 18.2%, Caesars Entertainment Corporation has developed by offering different types of assistance, for example, new hotels, extension and acquisitions and right now it claims and deals with the gambling club resorts. Caesars can keep up on devotion to its clients by offering sound assistance and to their representative, colleagues moreover. It shows that in 2007 it was 8.9% and because of economy downturn it has dropped down to - 0.2% in any case, it has anticipated that in 2012 the income will be expanded up to 3.9% (IBISWorld, 2012). MGM Resorts International MGM Resorts is another biggest gambling club inn administrator whose piece of the overall industry is 12.7%. The organization has huge possessions in gaming, cordiality and amusement, and holds a developing number of improvement and the board understandings for club and non-gambling club resort ventures (MGM Resorts, 2012). MGMs in USA have improved over the previous years and purchasers are attempting to spend their pay in recreational spots. Accordingly, In 2011 the rate change shows 4.6% addition in local market notwithstanding, it has additionally foresee that in 2012 the rate change will be decrease yet at the same time it will be in positive (IBISWorld, 2012). Different Companies Las Vegas Sands Corporation is one of the new sorts of movement goal with the piece of the pie of 4.3%. Las Vegas Sands offers high-closes enhancements, incorporating them under one rooftop resort. Over the five years to 2012, worldwide organization income is required to increment at a normal yearly pace of 30.5% every year to $11.2 billion, including figure development of 13.1% in 2012. US-explicit income is likewise gauge to develop essentially at an annualized 16.0% to $2.1 billion over that equivalent period (IBISWorld, 2012). Wynn Resorts Limited Likely, other significant rival in the business is Wynn Resorts Limited whose piece of the overall industry is 2.8% and it depends on Las Vegas Corporation. It has gauge to become 0.6% every year on normal over that equivalent period to $1.3 billion (IBISWorld, 2012). The organization became quick in earlier years adjacent to the downturn time frame. Industry Establishments, Sales Employment Trends Year Percent Chg. Year-to-Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 Foundations 367 380 388 397 406 3.6% 1.9% 2.5% 2.2% Deals ($Millions) 43,200 47,139 49,910 53,614 57,211 9.1% 5.9% 7.4% 6.7% Business 228,451 236,755 241,274 247,310 252,835 3.6% 1.9% 2.5% 2.2% Recovered from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.helin.uri.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9c59b541-088a-45d0-8846-d6fbd6acad29%40sessionmgr12vid=7hid=17 5 Forces Competitive Analysis Rivalry from Rival Sellers The opposition from rival organizations is very high and it is in expanding pattern. After the merger of Harrahs and Caesars and MGM and Mandalay in 2005, they have taken incredible extent of piece of the overall industry in gambling club inn industry (IBISWorld, 2012). MGM have direct rivalry with Harrahs Entertainment nonetheless, the other two contenders like las Vegas Sands Corp and Wynn Resorts are little organizations and don't have direct danger in the opposition. The quality of this serious power is solid in light of the fact that these two gambling club lodging have huge income with high caliber of cordiality and access showcasing and limited time to pull in the purchaser. Rivalry from Potential Entrants There is a high and consistent boundary to section in this industry. The noteworthiness of these passage boundaries is that legislatures have limited the legitimate issue related with government guideline for the section of new contenders. Also,

Dwi case with multiple fatalities Essay

Driving while at the same time being inebriated is a genuine wrongdoing. This turns out to be increasingly genuine when the accuse is compared of different fatalities including DWI charges. These charges incorporate underage driving, underage drinking, opposing against capture and open harm. (Kar, 145) Such an occurrence occurred in Middletown in 1999. This is an ideal case of the various fatalities while driving. Henry Bitchel was 15 when he slammed his 1966 Ford on an open pay phone. The official in control booked the offense and attempted to quantify his blood liquor level speculating him being smashed. To this Henry opposed and in this manner offense was made illegal. Anyway with the assistance of power the official enrolled the blood liquor level was set in an a lot higher than the allowable level. (Ruler, 126) Thus four significant charges were held up against Henry. The first was of underage driving without a substantial permit, the subsequent charge was underage drinking as he was 15 years old. The third was opposing capture and it ought to be expressed that Henry could have all around managed without this one. The last one was harm of open property in type of a pay phone. The fifth and the principle issue that was charged against Henry was the situation of drinking while at the same time driving. (Sheep, 243-245) It ought to be noticed that the law is implemented for the advancement of city society and the benefit of the regular folks. In this manner it is apparent that the resident ought to adhere to these standards. Something else, as on account of Henry, there could be various fatalities including DWI charges and that is an absolute necessity avoidable situation. Works Cited: Kar, P; History of US Automobile Market (Kolkata: Dasgupta and Chatterjee 2005) pp 145 King, H; Civic Fitness Today (Dunedin: HBT and Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 126 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. (Wellington: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

MIT IreneCam

MIT IreneCam Ive decamped from the Boston area northwards to New Hampshire for the weekend. My house in the suburbs of Cambridge, while high enough to avoid flooding in nonapocalyptic scenarios, is almost certain to lose power for some time because it is surrounded by an intricate interweaving of dead trees and ancient power lines. So I figured Id come up here, hang out with my brothers, and try to ride out the worst of it. But before I left, I set up a webcam in the office, looking out over Killian Court towards the Boston skyline. I dont anticipate MIT losing power (we have our own power plant and all of the wires are underground), so as long as it doesnt eventually crash the computer its on out of a browser memory leak (always a possibility) it should remain up. Killian is protected from the worst of the winds and rains by the arms of buildings 4 and 3, so thats what youre seeing. Oh, and theres no sound, so youre not going deaf. Video streaming by Ustream If youre following the storm from home, I highly recommend the New York Times Hurricane Tracker, which Ive embedded in a woefully insufficiently-wide iframe below amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;pamp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Your browser does not support iframes.amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/pamp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;The NYT has really ramped up their Web 2.0 interaction graphics / media visualizations and this is an incredible example of it. Two other resources that Im constantly refreshing are the National Weather Services Radar Full Resolution Loop, which is a looping, updating GIF of the super high resolution radar images direct from the NWS, and the Google Crisis Response Teams interactive widget as well (make sure to click the Layers button below): One final note: for those of you who already have students here at MIT, including those who just dropped off brand spanking new freshman over the past few days, do not be alarmed. As I mentioned earlier, MIT has its own power plant, with wires running underground. The buildings are all quite sturdy and have lots of shelter. We have loads of police, EMTs, and our own hospital on campus. Nowhere is perfectly safe but MIT is as safe as it can get.

Homes in the Planned Community of Celebration

Sex and Gender, a Sociological Perspective - 1578 Words

1. Sociologists reject the idea that behavioural differences between men and women are biologically determined. Outline the key grounds for this rejection and discuss what this means for a sociological understanding of gender. First of all I am going to begin with defining sex and gender. Sex in a sociological perspective is defined as the biological and physiological differences between men and women which are contrasted in terms of reproductive function(Abercrombie et al 2000 :313). On the other hand gender is sociologically conceived as the social roles allocated to men and women in society that is to say gender is learned not innate. However previously it was believed that sex determined gender thus the differences between men and†¦show more content†¦In cases where women work in male dominated work places, cases of sexual harassment are normally reported due lack of respect from male colleagues and their ignorance of why a woman should be doing a man’s job. However, men who work in female dominated places do not get such a hard time at work as the women at work seem to take care of them and the men for example male nurses get to get away with a lot. some cultures that, it is still fr owned upon in some cultures when a man mentions h I get on the bus and the driver is female when I get on the bus and the driver is female, it does not however represent my own opinion on the matter, but its just what society taught me when I was growing up, that buses are mainly driven by men, it may not have been taught to me in writing but it is what I grew up seeing and it is the norm. Judith Butler (Gender Trouble, 1990) argues that rather than sex determining gender-gender determines sex. Sex is shaped by gender discourses which give us scripts to perform according to whether we are biologically classed as male or female. The continual performance of these scripts on a daily basis is what makes us male or female. 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Cyp 3.4 Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety Free Essays

string(706) " harm to the individual child †¢The activity should be set up to meet each child s individual needs and be within their individual capabilities †¢The activity should be aimed to enhance learning and but still must be within a safe environment †¢A comprehensive risk assessment should include the individual child s needs and abilities, challenging to the child s development but without excessive risk that may harm themselves of personal †¢Children and young people do not always have the skills to make judgement on safe choices and as carers it is our responsibility to identify any hazards and make the judgement on when it is safe for the child to undertake an activity or make a personal choice\." CYP 3. 4: support children and young people’s health and safety Task 1 1. 1 When planning health and safety indoor and outdoor environmental services we must take into account †¢The individual needs abilities and ages of the children and young people. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyp 3.4: Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢Certain risk factors †¢Mobility ,sensory ,medical needs †¢The needs of carers and extended family †¢The environment and the services that are available The duty of care to always have the child’s safety and welfare in mind. †¢The desired outcome clear aims and objectives based around the EYFS framework. Lines of responsibilities everyone has responsibility for the health and safety of the children and young people each member of staff need clear reporting responsibilities. 1. 2 Health and safety is monitored within the setting by †¢Daily risk assessments †¢Comprehensive policies which may include †¢Lost child, behaviour ,house rules, safeguarding children and young people, fire safety, emergency cover for medical needs, medical and medicine permission, †¢Accident/incident record book. †¢Indoor play area. Quiet area toys and equipment Outdoor area toys and equipment checked grass areas checked for animal mess or litter. †¢Outing risk assessments in place for planned trips. †¢Each risk assessment is reviewed 6/12 to meet the needs of growing children and young people. †¢Visitors book checked daily †¢Smoke alarms checked weekly and recorded †¢Fire escape plan in place and fire drill practised each term †¢All windows ,doors locks are secure to stop children leaving the building †¢Policy’s are up to date and signed by parents. †¢My daily risk assessment †¢Risk Assessment †¢Daily checks RoomRisksActions All Rooms Electric sockets coveredShock, burns deathCover all sockets House PlantsPoison allergy rash No plants in play area Windows and low level glassCuts falls Cover with safety glass Cords on blinds and curtainsStrangulation deathTie up or remove Trailing wire and cablesTrips falls head injuryAll wires secure FlooringTrips falls head injuryAll falling secure on rugs Heating/VentilationOver/under heatingRegulate with thermometer Other Entrance/Hall/landing Front door-lockable and keys availableChildren could escape onto busy road of lock carer out of settingSafety lock at high level Keys at high level Stairs and banistersTrips ,falls Stairs kept clutter free safety gates in place ShoesGerms, dirt, harm to younger children if stood on. Shoes removed and put away after outdoor visits Meter cupboardShock burnsLocked away Smoke AlarmSmoke inhalation burns deathAlarms checked weekly Other Reception Room/Lounge/Dinning Room Table ClothsSpills burns suffocationNo table cloths AlcoholPoison ,sickness Alcohol looked away Hot drinksBurns scalds No hot drinks in play area Fires and heatersBurns scalds over heatingRegulated with thermometer Toys and resourcesCuts falls harmChecked daily for wear and tear. Remove or replace Harness on highchairFalls strangulation Monitor child and strap in securely Other Kitchen Knives and sharp implementsCuts harm to self or othersLocked away CookerBurns scaldsKitchen gate Dangerous substancesPoison burnsLocked away Hot surfaces and cooking utensilsBurns scaldsGate on kitchen Electrical appliances Shock, burns deathAt secure level on trailing leads KettleShock burns scaldsAt secure level on trailing leads Washing machineDrowning electric shockSwitched off at plug DishwasherDrowning electric shockSwitched off at plug Fire BlanketSuffocation At safe level Fridge (food correctly stored, in date etc)Food poison e coli Fridge temp checked and recorded Pets (food bowls) Litter trayPoison sicknessKept away from play area Other Bathroom/toilet MedicinesPoison In safe cupboard First Aid BoxMisuse cuts poison from creamsIn safe cupboard Toilet BrushPoison upset stomach In locked cupboard Temperature of waterBurns scaldsRegulate temperature Cleaning materialsPoison burns scaldsIn locked cupboard Locks on doorsChild could lock themselves in and put them self at risk of harm. All at high level Other Bedrooms Safe bedding/cotsStrangulation suffocation deathSecure all ties cellular blankets Windows (upstairs restrictors)Falls broken bones deathSecure locks in place Other Garden Gates and fencesEscape ,cuts fallsSecure all gates /fences surfacesSlips falls Clean/clear all areas daily Play equipmentFalls, broken bones. Check for wear and tear . remove or replace Water (ponds, drains and butts)Drowning deathCover all water features securely Paddling poolsDrowning death Never leave un attended Sand pitsPoison animal messCheck daily and replace each term Out buildings (sheds)Poison harm from tools equipment Keep locked at all time Tools, equipmentElectric shock ,cuts burns scaldsKeep locked away at all times Washing linesStrangulationRemove or cover PlantsPoison falls on sticksCheck for safe plants and no bamboo sticks. Animal faecesPoison blindnessClean up immediately Other 1. 3 †¢The sources I use are Ofsted standards ,EYFS, NCMA and my CDO †¢The main source I work within the EYFS which states The EYFS Welfare Requirements The General Welfare Requirements Safeguarding and promoting children’s welfare The provider must take necessary steps to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. The provider must promote the good health of the children, take necessary steps to prevent the spread of infection, and take appropriate action when they are ill. Children’s behaviour must be managed effectively and in a manner appropriate for their stage of development and particular individual needs. Suitable people Providers must ensure that adults looking after children, or having unsupervised access to them, are suitable to do so. Adults looking after children must have appropriate qualifications, training, skills and knowledge. Staffing arrangements must be organised to ensure safety and to meet the needs of the children. Suitable premises, environment and equipment Outdoor and indoor spaces, furniture, equipment and toys must be safe and suitable for their purpose. Organisation Providers must plan and organise their systems to ensure that every child receives an enjoyable and challenging learning and development experience that is tailored to meet their individual needs. Documentation Providers must maintain records, policies and procedures required for the safe and efficient management of the settings and to meet the needs of the children 1. †¢I have policies in place which cover †¢Safeguarding policies and procedure for reporting †¢Suitable person all adults have a current CRB †¢Suitable premises comprehensive risk assessments are done and recorded daily †¢Car travel, lost child, notify able diseases, large play equipment and garden policy, behaviour and physical intervention. Ac cident and incident policy and record book, medical record, permission policy and emergency plan /childcare. Plus many more to meet each child’s age and abilities to safeguard myself and the child, parent/carers. †¢Task 3 †¢ 3. 1 It is important to take a balanced approach to risk management to reduce the risk of injury or harm to the individual child †¢The activity should be set up to meet each child s individual needs and be within their individual capabilities †¢The activity should be aimed to enhance learning and but still must be within a safe environment †¢A comprehensive risk assessment should include the individual child s needs and abilities, challenging to the child s development but without excessive risk that may harm themselves of personal †¢Children and young people do not always have the skills to make judgement on safe choices and as carers it is our responsibility to identify any hazards and make the judgement on when it is safe for the child to undertake an activity or make a personal choice. You read "Cyp 3.4: Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety" in category "Papers" Children and young people need the freedom to explore an activity in a well controlled setting. For example a baby may continue to pull themselves up against a table or cupboard if the table has corner edges cushioned and the area around the table is clutter free this reduces the risk of harm if the baby falls the baby will continue to keep trying without seeing the danger which is clear for adults the baby must e given the opportunity to explore the surrounding areas and do this without the risk of harm which can be eliminated if caution and care is taken. †¢3. 2 The dilemma between the rights of choices for young people and health and safety requirements †¢Children learn by try new and exciting experiences they may not have the skills t make judgement but children are good at judging and deciding when they feel safe to try or join in with activity. †¢Children need the freedom of choice but with reassurance and firm boundaries of safety they become more confident. †¢Children need the freedom to explore and grow safely †¢Parents and cares need to take caution and reassure not control the situation so the child feels able to make a choice to explore a new activity. †¢3. 3 †¢I have a trampoline policy and agreement between myself and the children in my care each child signs and agrees with the boundaries we set. The rules are made on a health and safety basis. †¢Amount of children at one time. Rules concerning shoes and safe appropriate clothing no loose strings or baggy clothing. †¢The safety of the zip and catch locks surrounding the trampoline and the use of the ladder. †¢If the rules are broken ten the trampoline is out of use until the child re-reads and resigns the policy in place. †¢I also have a behaviour policy which the child and i w rite together including safety of equipment and around the house. †¢Task 4 †¢4. 1 †¢The accident, incident, emergencies and illness policies within my setting are Accident/Incident Policy The safety of your child is paramount and I will take every measure I can to protect your child from hurting itself. However sometimes accidents do happen and I have written the following procedure on how I will deal with such a situation: †¢I will comfort the child and reassure them †¢I will assess the extent of their injuries and if necessary call for medical support/ambulance †¢I will carry out any first aid procedures that are necessary and that I have been trained to do †¢Once the child is more settled I will contact you as soon as possible to inform you of the accident and if necessary to ask you to return to care for your child/ meet me at the hospital After every accident, however minor I will: †¢complete a report in my accident book †¢ask you to sign the report and then provide you with a copy If the incident requires any medical treatment then I will: Inform Ofsted (under Standard 14. 3 Children Act regulation, inform Ofsted about any significant events) †¢Inform my Insurance Company †¢Contact the NCMA/ BARKING AND DAGENHAM Early Years for additiona l advice/support It is important that you keep me informed regarding your child’s condition following an accident and if you have sought medical advice. Medical Procedures Policy I have received specific training to carry out the following medical procedures: List paediatric /adult first aid I was required to obtain a level of competence in each of these procedures and regular checks will be carried out by specialist staff to ensure these levels are maintained. My Insurance Policy with NCMA/ covers me to carry out these procedures. The welfare of your child is paramount therefore if I am at all unsure about the procedure, or concerned regarding the physical condition of your child whilst in my care I will contact either you the Parents, a member of their nursing team or the emergency services depending on the severity of the situation. I will document all procedures that I have carried out and ask that you sign this record. †¢I will require that you keep me informed as to the current health of your child and if there are any changes to their condition, treatment or medication †¢Permission to seek Emergency Medical Treatment. †¢ I/we authorise ______________________________to administer first aid assistance to my/our child named below as and when necessary, or in the event of an emergency to seek medical/hospital assistance in our absence as appropriate. I/we will provide her/him with up to date details of contact numbers. â⠂¬ ¢I/we understand that you will not be able to authorise any treatment and that I/we as the child’s next of kin will be contacted by the medics in the event of an emergency to give permission, or in a life threatening situation the medics will act in their professional capacity. †¢Name of child †¢ †¢Name of parent †¢Signature †¢Date Sick Child Policy I appreciate that as a working parent you need to be able to go to work, however if your child is unwell then they will be bettered cared for in their own home with a parent. I am happy to care for children with minor coughs and colds but will not care for children who are very unwell, infectious or running a high temperature. I have to go out each day to do school and pre-school runs and need to consider the welfare of all the children in my care. If you child has had diarrhoea or sickness in the last twenty-four hours please do not bring them, but call and let me know. If your child becomes ill whilst in my care, I will make them as comfortable as possible, isolate them from the other children if necessary and reassure them. I will contact you immediately and continue to care for your child until you arrive. I am happy to administer medication-please see my Administering medication policy. I will contact you if one of my own children is not well, inform you of the illness/symptoms and if I am able to work. This then allows you to make an informed decision as to whether to bring your child or not. If you have any concerns regarding this policy please contact me. Permission to Administer Non-prescription Medication I give permission to my Childminder (name)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ To administer the following non-prescription medication if my child needs it. (Delete as applicable) Calpol Junior Nurofen Junior Diprol Teething Gel I understand that I will need to have provided this medication in the bottle/packaging it was purchased and clearly labelled with my child’s name and instructions on dosages allowed. I expect my childminder to contact me prior to administering the medication, especially if my child has been in her care for less than 4 hours. I will advise my childminder, when dropping off my child, if I have already given my child any medication prior to arrival. I agree to sign for any medication given when I return to collect my child. Name of Child Name of Parent Signature of Parent Date 4. 2 Requirement for notifying Ofsted The law is slightly different for the Early Years Register and the Childcare Register. 3 If you are on the Early Years Register you must tell us about a child accident, Injury or death on the premises while the child is in your care. It does not require You to tell us if any other person has had such an incident, or if the incident happens Off the premises, or if it happens to a child not in your care, for example with their Parent after the end of any care period on their way out of the premises. 1 The Childcare (General Childcare Register) Regulations 20 08, www. legislation. gov. uk/uksi/2008/975/contents/made; The Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, http://nationalstrategies. standards. dcsf. gov. uk/node/151379; Early Years Foundation Stage (Welfare Requirements) Regulations 2007, www. legislation. gov. uk/uksi/2007/1771/contents/made. 2 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995, www. egislation. gov. uk/uksi/1995/3163/contents/made. 3 The Early Years Foundation Stage (Welfare Requirements) Regulations 2007 and The Childcare Register (General Childcare Register) Regulations 2008. 4 Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, page 26. The National Child minding Association I am registered as a member and i obtain my public liability from the NCMA The cover under the policy can be summarised as follows: †¢Legal liability for or arising out of: †¢Accidental injury (including death) of any person in the care of the Insured Childcarer (including costs and e xpenses incurred in defending any matter forming such claim). Accidental loss or damage caused to a third party or the property of the third party in the course of their childcare activities. †¢Nuisance or trespass. †¢Accidental injury caused by the incorrect application of first-aid treatment. †¢Administering medication/treatment (provided written parental permission has been obtained). †¢Children being left in the care of another adult during an emergency. †¢Damage to property including child minded children’s property. Subject to an excess ? 50. 00 in respect of child minded children’s property. (1) My CDO (childminding development officer) Social services through my safeguarding children police and procedure. How to cite Cyp 3.4: Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety, Papers

Soundshow free essay sample

Im dressed edgier than usual; this is actually what I wish I could wear every day. My black shirt features chains for straps and a gleaming silver jaguar. Fishnet tights show below long shorts. No school polos, no pressure to look professional or intelligent or pretty. Everyone here dresses comparably. This is my crowd. The theater is cramped, but everyone can move about a foot in all directions. Luckily, though, not for long. I prefer personal space, generally, but not tonight. Its best if we become one. I enjoy the sense of community, the intricate reasons we find ourselves here together. Maybe simple as the city we call home. Maybe more complex. Maybe were twin souls. Maybe were searching in the same ways for the same truths. I like those metaphysical yearnings. Plato and Kant. Forms and categorical imperative. Truths that cause what we see as reflections, and reasons why people respond justly and why they should. We will write a custom essay sample on Soundshow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Makes sense. Im not much for mundane reality, but where forms exist, Id guess its kind of like a concert, and I want to be there. Despite doing well in philosophy class, I want it raw. Im up close. Were standing expectantly, some waiting like caged, feral beasts to attempt better positions. Rows press forward one by one, and everyones flattened, like it or not. We wish we didnt have cumbersome sets of arms, that we were bigger and taller, that everyone wasnt tipping over diagonally, that our rib cages werent being compressed so we can barely gasp the wet air. We are surrounded, and it only gets better. In this semi-dangerous environment, we rely on each other. Put simply, we make friends. We genuinely look out for one another. We share a caught water bottle with those parched and deserving around us, find anchors and elusive armrests and people we have everything in common with. We might be acquaintances just for this night, or we might meet again by chance or fate. When the frenzy starts, and we go wild and writhe and move and scream beautiful words unintelligibly until our voices break, magic is tangible. We are bombarded: the rhythm overriding our heartbeats and each other. For as with friends we make enemies, fighting viciously to squeeze just a little bit closer. Knees meet heads; we dont question why or how. We are rude and unashamed. We depart completely soaked in the perspiration of the five closest people. We all, blissfully worn, have stars in our eyes. The collective existence we gave life to has dissipated. It is an experience not to be missed or forgotten. Our emotions are high, our dreams much closer, just beyond our outstretched fingertips of moments ago. This is the power of music. A language everyone understands, words aside. I love them, words, but I dont need them for this. Theyre not enough. What is? The sound, and I love being carried away when I listen, eyes closed.

Carlin on Euphemisms, Redundancies, and Soft Language

Carlin on Euphemisms, Redundancies, and Soft Language Words fascinated George Carlin. From his early routine on Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television to the inventory of euphemisms in Airline Announcements, languageespecially bent or abused or soft languagewas his recurrent theme. By and large, he once said, language is a tool for concealing the truth. Carlin, who died in 2008, clearly knew a thing or two about claptrapand twaddle, poppycock, balderdash, gobbledygook, and drivel. In fact, drivel was the word he used to describe his own writingsGood, funny, occasionally smart, but essentially drivel (Napalm Silly Putty, Hyperion, 2001). For an example of Carlins drivel, consider his short essay Count the Superfluous Redundant Pleonastic Tautologies. The essay doesnt include all 200 of the common redundancies in our own list, but it comes close: My fellow countrymen, I speak to you as coequals, knowing you are deserving of the honest truth. And let me warn you in advance, my subject matter con ­cerns a serious crisis caused by an event in my past history: the execution-style killing of a security guard on a delivery truck. At that particular point in time, I found myself in a deep depression, making mental errors which seemed as though they might threaten my future plans. I am not over-exaggerating.I needed a new beginning, so I decided to pay a social visit to a personal friend with whom I share the same mutual objectives and who is one of the most unique individuals I have ever personally met. The end result was an un ­expected surprise. When I reiterated again to her the fact that I needed a fresh start, she said I was exactly right; and, as an added plus, she came up with a fi ­nal solution that was absolutely perfect.Based on her past experience, she felt we needed to join together in a com ­mon bond for a combi ned total of twenty-four hours a day, in order to find some new initiatives. What a novel innovation! And, as an extra bonus, she presented me with the free gift of a tuna fish. Right away I noticed an immedi ­ate positive improvement. And although my recovery is not totally complete, the sum total is I feel much better now knowing I am not uniquely alone.(When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops? Hyperion, 2004) Behind Carlins comic observations lay the sharp linguistic insights of a self-described disappointed idealist. Question everything you read or hear or see or are told, he recommended in a 2004 CNN interview. Question it. And try to see the world for what it actually is, as opposed to what someone or some company or some organization or some government is trying to represent it as, or present it as, however theyve mislabeled it or dressed it up or told you. Now that Carlin has passed on, kicked off, checked out, made his exit, gone to glory, cashed in his chips, and joined the great majority to sleep the big sleep, we wouldnt dare say nice things about him. Its too late for that. Its a perverse fact that in death you grow more popular. As soon as youre out of everyones way, your approval curve moves sharply upward. You get more flowers when you die than you got your whole life. All your flowers arrive at once. Too late.(Napalm Silly Putty, Hyperion, 2001) So well just say, thank you, George. Thanks for all the drivel.

Muttaburrasaurus - Facts and Figures

Muttaburrasaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Muttaburrasaurus (Greek for Muttaburra lizard); pronounced MOO-tah-BUH-ruh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of Australia Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (110-100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and  three tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Streamlined torso; occasional bipedal posture; powerful jaws About Muttaburrasaurus It takes only one look at Muttaburrasaurus to see that this dinosaur was closely related to Iguanodon: both of these plant-eaters shared the slender, low-slung, stiff-tailed posture characteristic of the two-legged, herbivorous dinosaurs known as ornithopods. Thanks to the discovery of a near-complete skeleton in northeastern Australia, in 1963, paleontologists know more about the head of Muttaburrasaurus than that of any other iguanodont; this dinosaur was equipped with powerful jaws and teeth, adaptations to its tough vegetable diet, and its strange muzzle may have been used to create honking sounds (a trait common to the descendants of the ornithopods, the hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs). One odd fact about Muttaburrasaurusand about iguanodonts in generalis that this 30-foot-long, three-ton dinosaur was capable of running on its hind legs when startled or pursued by predators, though it doubtless spent most of its day munching low-lying vegetation peacefully on all fours. As you might expect, the middle Cretaceous Muttaburrasaurus has an especially high profile in Australia, since (along with Minmi, a small ankylosaur) its one of the few near-complete dinosaur skeletons to be unearthed Down Under; you can see its reconstructed skeleton at both the Queensland Museum in Brisbane and the National Dinosaur Museum in Canberra.

A Detailed Analysis of the OpenOffice Research Paper

A Detailed Analysis of the OpenOffice - Research Paper Example In addition, the twin licensing system outlines that we are permitted to select either license. Moreover, both the LGPL and SISSL are OSI accepted as open source system licenses (OpenOffice1, 2012; OpenOffice, 2010). Application Similar to all other open source software applications, OpenOffice can be used as a commercial tool. In fact, as compared to other freeware applications, open source software is not restricted to only educational or personal use. In addition, there is no limit on where or how we utilize this software. Additionally, there are numerous applications of OpenOffice software. In this scenario, one of the key applications is Word processor application for creating documents. It also includes Spreadsheet-based application that is similar to MS Excel. Moreover, it also contains a Presentation Package for the creation of presentations. Furthermore, similar to MS Access, OpenOffice also offers database management system capability. As well, one of the most popular tools that OpenOffice contains is a drawing tool that is missing in traditional MS Office Package (OpenOffice1, 2012; OpenOffice, 2010). Goals OpenOffice.org is going to launch a 3rd version of the OpenOffice in the market, which is the result of over 20 years' software engineering. Intended from the initiate as a single element of software, it has reliability other products cannot compete. In addition, a totally open development procedure outlines that anybody is able to report bugs, can add new and innovative features, or improve the software. Moreover, OpenOffice.org version 3 offers everything that we need from our office software to carry out, the way we want to use it (OpenOffice1, 2012; OpenOffice, 2010).  Similar to all other open source software applications, OpenOffice can be used as a commercial tool. In fact, as compared to other freeware applications, open source software is not restricted to only educational or personal use. In addition, there is no limit on where or how we utilize this software. Additionally, there are numerous applications of OpenOffice software.  

Christian view Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christian view - Essay Example The process of creation of the world is described in the Book of Genesis. It features main elements, like Days of Creation, as well as aftermath such as life of Adam and Eve. However, this text also has some important implications for the contemporary Christians. Thus, it was argued that â€Å"the notion that humanity has the â€Å"responsibility† to exercise care over the earth from its higher position often results not so much in â€Å"stewardship† that guards the earth as in domination and exploitation† (Chopp and Taylor 6). Indeed, other than being the most perfect creature, a human being is a creature with â€Å"responsibility†. Some might go as far as saying that the concept of the Original Sin should be focused on exclusively on eating the fruits of the forbidden tree, but rather on abandoning the above mentioned â€Å"responsibility†.Creation and the TrinityAs it often happens in the Bible some earlier parts of it are related to the later on e. In other words, the Bible is a set of interconnected books, though they were written in different times. That is why some scholars point that there is a strong relationship between Genesis which is the first book of the Bible and the doctrine of Trinity which is something that appeared much later. For example, it is explained that â€Å"Creator, Redeemer, and Sustainer [the Three Persons of the Holy Trinity]†¦ these terms refer †¦ to God’s relations with the creation† (Hanson 42). In other words, one of the characteristic features of God the Father was the creation of the world.

Reviews in Evidence-based Practice

Reviews in Evidence-based Practice In an era of evidence-based nursing, care providers need to base their clinical decisions on the preferences of patients, their clinical expertise, as well as the current best available research evidence relevant for practice (Beaven and McHugh, 2003; Mulhall, 1998; Sackett and Rosenberg, 1995). EBP, as a decision-making process which integrates the best available research, clinical expertise and patients characteristics (Sackett et al., 1997), is believed to be a valuable practice which lead to progress in peoples *psychosocial experiences of illness and healthcare as well as in nursing professional development (Hamer, 2005). Muir-Gray (1996) highlights that it bridges the gap between the discovery of knowledge and the time the knowledge is applied in practice, and Thompson (1998) believes it is a guarantee for doing the right things right. On this basis, systematic reviews has been found as the cornerstone of EBP, stem from Cochranes work on evidence based medicine in the late 1970s. It has been considered the gold standard for measuring the effectiveness of an intervention (NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 2001). As a secondary research method, it collates the best evidence about the clinical problem so that conclusions can be drawn about effective practices considering the potential benefits and harm (Hamer, 2005). In fact, with SR being a process for systematically identifying, scrutinising, tabulating and perhaps integrating all relevant studies, thus allowing for a more objective appraisal thatn single studies (Sackett et al., 1997), it has become an indispensable aiding tool in improving practice and quality of care particularly for busy health professionals who do not have enough time for keeping up to date with all the newest research (Greenhalgh, 1997). Obviously, SRs are important in nursing in order to discover areas where reviews and research are needed and minimise unnecessary duplication of nursing research (Sackett et al., 1997). Thus, there is a requirement to build up a process to provide the results of research findings in a concise way (Mulrow and Cook, 1997). SRs play a vital role in providing fast access to condensed up to date knowledge and offering a new opportunity for EBP in nursing (Muri-Gray, 1996). Meanwhile, SRs in EBP has a key value as it offer the best approach to determining the highest quality evidence in order to answer clinical questions or solve any conflicting findings (Roberts and Yeager, 2004). And, by adhering closely to scientific procedures, which delimit these biases, according to Schlosser (2006), then SR remains the best vehicle for practitioners to gain access to wide-ranging evidence to aid their practice. For healthcare professionals, the most important concern in the various debates surrounding EBP is what should establish the evidence for clinical practice (Egger et al., 2001). Thus, in the early 1990s, the term review of effectiveness emerged and the hierarchy of evidence based on the quality of evidence rating was headed by randomised controlled trials (RCTs)(Cooke et al., 1992). RCT is a considered a quantitative study design, which aims to reduce the bias of confusing issues, manipulate a definite intervention and inspect a possible cause-effect relationship between variables by contrasting different interventions between study groups (Cook et al., 1992). Besides RCTs, there have been additional cohort studies, case series (either post-test or pre-test), well-designed pseudorandomised controlled trials and case-control studies (Cook et al., 1992). SRs of high-quality RCTs with consistent results are considered to be top of the hierarchy of evidence, the most trustworthy evidence for studying the effects of interventions, contrasting with single RCTs which may derive a false conclusion (Kunz et al., 1998). Thornley and Adams (1998) confirmed that a single study is sometimes inadequate to detect the certainty of an intervention, differentiate between the effects of one, or to recognise the causal relationship between variables of treatments because of the small sample size of patients, which may inhibit the formation of true conclusions. This could be a medical hazard if healthcare decision makers base policies on erroneous data from single trials (Jadad and Enkin, 2007). Based on the foregoing, SR can integrate more than one study and facilitate the drawing of more real, objective, transparent conclusion to support the evidence in making clinical decisions (Sackett and Wennberg, 1998). From this standpoint, the tendency was to concentrate on SRs of RCTs and exclude other quantitative, qualitative or economic evaluation study designs (Dixon-Woods et al., 2004). On the otherhand, it has been debated that RCTs are not suitable for all circumstances (Dixon-Woods et al., 2004). For instance, if we want to explore the lived experiences of listening to music as a postoperative pain management intervention, the appropriate method to study that is through a qualitative design (phenomenology) (Greenland, 1987). Clearly, the worth of other reviews cannot be neglected because, they have a great influence in discovering the essential features of findings, which can direct future research design and clarify current levels of knowledge (Sackett and Wennberg, 1998). A closer look at the above will reveal that there are two main approaches of quantitative systematic reviews. The first is the SR of a single study design, which includes primary studies having the same study design (eg. RCTs). The second type is the systematic review, which summarises and combines the results from more than one study using statistical techniques and can sum up the outcomes of similar, but independent studies, to produce a single estimate of treatment effects (eg. Cohort studies) (Jadad and Enkin, 2007). This technique is called meta-analysis, which can provide a quantitative synthesis of the research. One of the purposes of meta-analysis is to reduce the uncertainty or controversy, and to reduce the bias and increase precision of the conclusions of a review (Sackett and Wennberg, 1998). However, the use of meta-analysis method is not necessary in every single systematic review. For instance, if the characteristics of the included studies are dissimilar or questionable, it may be inappropriate or even misleading to statistically pool results to give a meaningless summary; in this case, a narrative summary should be presented (Jadad and Enkin, 2007). A systematic review is considered to be a process to locate all studies for a specific purposeful question (drawn from research and other resources), critically appraise the methods of the studies, summarise the outcomes, present key findings, identify reasons for varied outcomes across the studies, and identify limitations of existing knowledge (Khan et al., 2003). In other words, it is a tool to collect and assess all relevant research evidence giving informative, experimental answers to scientific research questions (Evans, 2001). Systematic reviews are different from traditional literature/ narrative/ critical reviews (Khan et al., 2003). Despite often being very helpful as background reading, they have a number of disadvantages. They differ from the systematic reviews in that they are subjective, and not guided by a peer-reviewed protocol, and as such cannot be replicated; moreover, those studies that support the authors point of view are more likely to be selected (*Ravnskov, 1992). In addition, traditional narrative reviews may make different reviewers reach dissimilar conclusions from the same research bases (Teagarden, 1989). Thus, they appear lacking in rigorous scientific design to minimise the risk of biases or ensure reliability (Khan et al., 2003). The systematic review overcomes the problems which traditional narrative reviews have, through making the review process obvious. In this way, it is possible for the reader to replicate the process of the review and establish the generality and transparency of scientific findings (Egger et al., 2001). Moreover, it also provides objectivity for information by summarising the results of otherwise unmanageable quantities of research (*Ravnnskov, 1992). The rationale for undertaking a systematic review in the field of healthcare has been well established, according to Torgerson (1998) and is firmly embedded in the scientific paradigm. As the importance of EBP continues to be promoted, the profile and acceptability of systematic reviews prosper, and a constantly expanding volume of data needs to be considered by practitioners and researchers. However, it is impossible to read, critically evaluate and synthesise the state of knowledge, let alone update this regularly (Egger et al., 2001). Thus, the systematic review has become an essential tool for keeping up to date with the new evidence accumulating in a field of study. While reducing the ever-increasing torrent of published and unpublished research into manageable portions, Clarkson et al. (2003) explains that the systematic review also reduces both systematic errors (biases) and random errors (those occurring by chance). It provides a more objective, comprehensive view of the literature, which is of high quality and relevant to specific clinical practice. Yet clearly, this rationale does not exclusively apply to healthcare research. Systematic reviews can also provide raw material for establishing clinical guidelines and help plan new research by identifying existing gaps (Pearson et al., 2005). Clarkson et al. (2003) add that it can be used to formulate policy and develop guidelines on healthcare organisation and delivery. They are of particular benefit in areas of clinical uncertainty or where there is a wide variation in practice. Thus, healthcare providers, researchers and policy-makers can use systematic reviews to efficiently integrate existing information, providing data for rational decision-making. Systematic reviews not only inform clinical decision-making, but also inform the research agenda. The comprehensive searching, appraising and synthesising of research literature does not guarantee a definitive answer to a scientific research question (Clarkson and Ismail, 2003). By identifying questions for which, at present, there is insufficient good quality evidence upon which to base clinical decisions, systematic reviews highlight areas requiring further research. Conversely, the authors also point out that the results of systematic review may provide strong evidence regarding the benefits or harms of a particular intervention, and may actually preclude a new study from being conducted. Based on the foregoing Cochranes work on evidence-based medicine (NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 2001), conducting a systematic review is a gold-standard procedure for assessing the effectiveness of music as a postoperative pain management intervention. A systematic review is a piece of work / research that identifies relevant articles and synthesises the results obtained from the studies , critiquing them for their quality using a framework, possibly using a meta-analysis to help summarise the findings (Khan et al., 2003; Egger et al., 2001). They are vital tools for the healthcare practitioner/ worker/ clinician because research accumulates quickly and systematic reviews summarise large amounts of research, helping to make the information more accessible and easier to understand and use (Egger et al., Parahoo, 1997). Systematic reviews provide a reliable summary of the available evidence and this helps make clinical decisions (Lancaster et al., 1997). Reviews are a way of informing readers of patterns, strengths and limitations of the methodology used and this helps to make recommendations for future research (Parahoo, 1997). All available evidence on a specific topic is collected, analysed and synthesised (Parahoo, 1997) and by combining the information and assessing them together it is hoped that a clear conclusion can be formed (Davies and Crombie, 2003; Lancaster et al., 1997). Meta-analysis is often employed to collate primary research data from various critiqued articles and this can give an overall summary statistic or pooled estimate effect (Chalmers and Altman, 1995). Combining data from several primary studies increases the power of the result and hence allows readers to be more aware of the efficacy of the intervention (Chalmers and Altman, 1995; Lancaster et al., 1997). Systematic reviews permit a more objective view/ appraisal of the research than narrative reviews and this helps to sort out disputes between different articles (Egger et al., 2001). Narrative reviews are said to have lower quality than systematic reviews and several reasons are given for this by Egger et al., 2001. Classical reviews are subjective so are susceptible to bias and error. Systematic reviews have strict protocols whereas classical reviews do not necessarily have formal rules/ structure which may lead to error. Once studies have been identified, the author may only include studies that support their view rather than systematically looking at the evidence and the characteristicis of the study to help form a conclusion. This explains why reviewers using the classical (traditional) methods may obtain different answers and miss small but potentially significant differences. This in turn may lead to conclusions from a reviewer being associated more with the qualification and specialty of the author/ researcher/ reviewer than the presented data particularly in controversial areas. Systematic reviews are therefore more objective because all potentially relevant studies are gathered using a specific protocol, the results cna be tabulated and analysed, possibly using meta-analysis leading to a more objective appraisal which can help resolve uncertainties when study conclusions differ. Systematic reviews can highlight any conflicts or inconsistencies in the research and this can be studied (Chalmers and Altman, 1995), hence, systematic reviews have been described as being at the top of the hierarchy of evidence (Davies and Crombie, 2003). Implications from the ever expanding volumes of healthcare literature (Beaven and McHugh, 2003) means that, it is impossible for a clinician to access, let alone understand, the primary evidence that informs practice (Glasziou, Irwig and Colditz, 2001; Handoll et al., 2008). As a result of this, useful research studies and valuable findings are concealed and abandoned as a whole (Beaven and McHugh, 2003). Systematic reviews of primary studies are therefore an essential aspect of evidence-based healthcare for practitioners who want to keep up to date with evidence in making informed clinical decisions (Lipp, 2005; Glasziou et al., 2001; Handoll et al., 2008; Schlosser/ FOCUS, 2010). Commencing with a well-defined research question, such reviews utilise explicit methods to systematically identify, select, critically appraise, extract, analyse and synthesise data from relevant studies on a particular topic (Handoll et al., 2008; Petticrew and Roberts, 2006; Wright et al., 2007; Sackett et al., 2000). This process helps to minimise bias (Cook, Mulrow and Haynes, 1997), eliminate poorly conducted studies, confers power to the results that may not be given to individual studies (Lipp, 2005) and thus provide practitioners with reliable, valid and condensed evidence (Glasziou et al., 2001) in a considerably shorter period of time (Mulrow, Langhorne, and Grimshaw, 1997). Systematic reviews may involve the use of statistical methods (meta-analysis) (Handoll et al., 2008) in estimating the precision of treatment effects (Egger, Smith and ORourke, 2001). Unlike traditional narrative reviews, systematic reviews allow for a more objective appraisal of the evidence and may thus contribute to resolving uncertainty when original research, and reviews disagree (Egger et al., 2001). By using an efficient scientific technique, systematic reviews also can counteract the need for further research studies and stimulate the timelier implementation of findings into practice (Lipp, 2005). They can also inform the research agenda by identifying gaps in the evidence and generating research questions that will shape future research (Eagly and Wood, 1994; Handoll et al., 2008; Lipp, 2005). In spite of the numerous benefits of systematic reviews, they are not without challenges. Apart from being laborious (Petticrew Roberts, 2006), they require expertise in the subject matter as well as the review process (Manchikanti, 2008). Despite it being a rigorous, transparent methodology of search, appraisal, data extraction, retrieval, data synthesis and interpretation of the evidence from primary studies, there are limitations of early forms of SR methodology (associated with the hierarchy of evidence approach and advocated by the Cochrane movement) that are increasingly well recognised (Cooke et al., 1992). One of these limitations is that SR is a time-consuming process and it needs appropriate understanding of the research designs and methods together with knowledge of techniques for analysis, including statistical test (Gerrish and Lacey, 2006). Although the intention is to be systematic in the identification of studies and extraction of data, the systematic review process inherently has biases: of included studies, from poor search as well as publication related (Evans, 2001). In the same vein, language bias which exclude studies in languages other than English in the appraisal, in some way weaken the review as well (Evans, 2001). It is important to identify the most appropriate research design to fit the question. A systematic review was chosen since the research aim is to summarise lots of data collected in primary studies, which requires a systematic approach.

History project- religious development in India Essay

With the coming of the Mughals in India and the Turkish rule, there were many developments and changes in the Indian culture and religion. The Sultans of Delhi and Mughal tolerated different religions, especially Hinduism, though they were followers of Islam. This lead to the beggining of indo-islamic culture. Since dawn of history, India has been the cradle of religious developments. In the early medival period, two parrelel movements in Hinduism and Islam representing the Bhakti and Sufi movements emerged in India. The Indo-Islamic strands have been woven into the texture of India by intertwining Bhakti and Sufi traditions. Bhakti movement The Bhakti movement is a Hindu religious movement in which the main spiritual practice is loving devotion towards Shiva or Vishnu. Bhakti movement is also closely related to Sufism of Islam which rose in the same time period and both advocated ‘love of God’ as the easiest way to attain God. The Bhakti movement originated in ancient Tamil Nadu. The Nayanmars and the Alvars played a major role in the Bhakti movement. The Bhakti movement co-existed peacefully with the other movements in Hinduism. It was initially considered unorthodox, as it rebelled against caste distinctions and disregarded Brahmanic rituals, which according to Bhakti saints were not necessary for salvation. In the course of time, however, owing to its immense popularity among the masses it became ‘orthodox’ and continues to be one of the most important modes of religious expression in modern India. The world ‘Bhakti’ means devotion to God. The Bhakti movement had its origin in the Bhagavadgita and the Upanishads. The Bhaktas of God did not believe in any sort of caste distinctions. They advocated love and devotion to God and discarded all sorts of rituals and ceremonies. They preached oneness of God and â€Å"that all religions were but roads leading to the same goal†. Chief Principles of Bhakti Movement: The chief principles of the Bhakti movement were as follows: 1. It is Bhakti or devotion to God alone that can help man attain salvation. 2. It is important to follow a true guru for realizing God. 3. All men are equal and no one is superior or inferior. 4. Caste distinctions, rituals, fasts, etc. , are useless and lead to nowhere. 5. All men should be tolerant. Effects of the Bhakti Movement: The Bhakti movement had far-reaching effects on the people. Firstly, it helped a lot in removing the existing bitterness between the Hindus and the Muslims. Both became more tolerant towards each other. Secondly, the Bhaktas exposed the hollowness of empty rituals and ceremonies and taught the people to give up evils like belief in superstitions etc. This movement delta a blow to the superiority of the Brahmins, for it propagated the equality of all men. This also helped in checking conversions. Thirdly, the Bhakti reformers preached in the common language of the people, which gave rise to the vernacular languages such as Bengali in the east, Gujarati and Marathi in the west and Punjabi in the north. Important Bhakti Reformers Ramanuja : Ramanuja was one of the earliest reformers. His teachings were based on the Upanishads and Bhagwad Gita. he had taught in the language of the common man. Soon a large number of people became his followers. Ramananda was his disciple. Ramananda : Ramananda was the first reformer to preach in Hindi, the main language spoken by the people of the North. He was educated at Benaras. He preached that there is nothing high or low. He was an ardent worshipper of Rama. He considered God as a loving father. He lived in the 14th century A. D. Kabir : Kabir was an ardent disciple of Ramananda. He wanted unity between the Hindus and the Muslims. He preached that both the Hindus and the Muslims are the children of a single God. He had no faith in idol worship, religious rituals and ceremonies. The devotees of Kabir were known as Kabir Panthis. Chaitanya : Chaitanya, a great devotee of Lord Krishna, was a saint from Bengal. From his very childhood, he had showed great interest in education and studied Sanskrit. He married the daughter of a Saintly person. Later at the age of 24, he renounced the worldly life and became a sanyasin. His followers regarded him as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. He helped the old and the needy. He was opposed to the inequalities of the caste system. He emphasised the need for tolerance, humanity and love. He spread the message of Bhakti in Bengal. He popularised ‘Sankritan’or public singing of God’s name. He was addressed `Mahaprabhu’ by his followers. Meera Bai : Meerabai was a Rajput princess. She married the Rana of Mewar. She was a pious devotee of Lord Krishna. Her songs or hymns are even today sung all over India. Her palace was kept open to people of all castes to join her Bhajans of Lord Krishna. She had lived for the most part of her life in Mathura, the birth place of Krishna and Vrindaban. There is a temple dedicated to Meerabai in Chittor, the capital of Mewar. Sufi movement Sufism was a reform movement within Islam which applies greater stress on free thinking, liberal ideas and toleration. The Sufis believed in the equality of all human beings and brotherhood mankind. The Sufi movement started in Persia. Some of the Sufi saints also came to India. They began to preach their liberal ideas and to remove the gulf between the Hindus and the Muslims and join them together. The word Sufi has been taken from the Arabic word ‘Suf’ which means wool. The movement may have been given the name Sufism because of the course wool garments they wore as a mark of their rejection of worldly things. Sufis have traditionally taken vows of poverty and celibacy. Sufism developed religious practices focusing on strict self-control that enable both psychological and mystical insights as well as a loss of self, with the ultimate goal of mystical union with God. The Sufi movement consists of fraternal orders in which leaders train and assist disciples in the mastery of Sufism’s philosophical principles and ritual practices. Such rituals and practices include writing and reciting poetry and hymns; some of the most famous and beautiful literature of the Islamic world has been written by Sufis. Sufis engage in a variety of ritual practices intended to help them realize union with God, such as distinct forms of ritual prayer including the recitation of God’s names, as well as bodily rituals such as those practices by the so-called â€Å"Whirling Dervishes,† a Turkish Sufi order that practices meditation and contemplation of God through spinning. Teaching of Sufism: 1. There is one God, the Eternal, the Only Being; none else exists save He. 2. There is only one Master, the Guiding Spirit of all souls, who constantly leads his followers towards the light. 3. There is one Holy Book, the sacred manuscript of nature: the only scripture, which can enlighten the reader. 4. There is one Religion, the unswerving progress in the right direction towards the ideal, which fulfills the life’s purpose of every soul. 5. There is one Law, the Law of reciprocity, which can be observed by a selfless conscience together with a sense of awakened justice. 6. There is one Brotherhood, the human brotherhood, which unites the children of earth indiscriminately in the fatherhood of God. 7. There is one Moral Principle, the love which springs forth from self-denial, and blooms in deeds of beneficence. 8. There is one Object of Praise, the beauty which uplifts the heart of its worshipper through all aspects from the seen to the Unseen. 9. There is one Truth, the true knowledge of our being within and without, which is the essence of all wisdom. 10. There is one Path, the annihilation of the false ego in the real, which raises the mortal to immortality and in which resides all perfection. The Sufi Movement there is no priesthood in the ordinary sense, the priesthood is only to conduct the service and to answer the need of a priest which always exists in our everyday life. Those ordained in the Sufi Movement are called Sirajs and Cherags. There is no distinction between women and men. The worthy soul is ordained; this gives an example to the world that in all places – in the church, in the school, in parliament, in court – it is woman and man together who make evolution complete. But at the same time every Sufi is a priest, a preacher, a teacher, and a pupil of every soul that he meets in the world. The Sufi prayers such as Saum and Salat are not man-made prayers. They have descended from above, just as in every period of spiritual reconstruction prayers were given. And there is every power and blessing in them, especially for those who believe. Sikhism Guru Nanak is the founder of the religion of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated world-wide on Kartik Puranmashi, the full-moon day which falls on different dates each year in the month of Katak, October-November. Guru Nanak travelled to places far and wide teaching people the message of one God who dwells in every one of God’s creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. He setup a unique spiritual, social, and political platform based on equality, fraternity love, goodness, and virtue. Nanak was born on 15 April 1469, now celebrated as Guru Nanak Gurpurab. Today, his birthplace is marked by Gurdwara Janam Asthan. His parents were Kalyan Chand Das Bedi and Mata Tripta. His father was a patwari (accountant) for crop revenue in the village of Talwandi, employed by a Muslim landlord of that area, Rai Bular Bhatti. He had one sister, Bibi Nanaki, who was five years older than him and became a spiritual figure in her own right. Nanak also found work with Daulat Khan, when he was around 16 years old. On 24 September 1487 Nanak married Mata Sulakkhani, daughter of Mul Chand and Chando Ra? i, in the town of Batala. The couple had two sons, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand. Inspite of his married life, he spent most of his time in the company of holy men. At the age of 29, he left his home to spread the message of faith far and wide. Sikh teaching emphasizes the principle of equality of all humans and rejects discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and gender. Sikh principles encourage living life as a householder Sikh Religion and Worship: 1)A Sikh believes in, and worships only one God. 2)A Sikh regards the succession of ten gurus, and the written word of the Guru Granth, a channel through which divine light manifests as salvation. 3)Sikhs worship in the gurdwara, congregating with spiritual companions, and communing with God, by singing divine hymns selected from the Guru Granth. 4)Sikhs perform ardas, a formal prayer, and read from Guru Granth before embarking on important endeavors. 5)The uniqueness of Sikhism is upheld without any derogatory attitude towards others, or belittling of others faith. . A brief of the next 9 Gurus: http://www. sarabsanjhigurbani. com/ten-guru. asp

Is Restorative Justice More Appropriate in Dealing With...

This essay aims to make clear the system of restorative justice and its aims towards youth offending, whilst arguing points for and against the current system and whether or not it is more appropriate in terms of dealing with youth offending. It will also define restorative justice as well as defining what is meant by conventional justice. Making clear how and why these two systems came to be a part of youth justice whilst concluding as to which if either is more appropriate in dealing with youth offending behaviour. â€Å"Restorative justice is a process whereby parties with a stake in a specific offence collectively resolve how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future† (Munchie, 2004). Restorative†¦show more content†¦There are already existing restorative practices that are place within the conventional criminal justice system at present namely probation, restitution and community service (Zehr, 1990). Admittedly they are not readily termed restorative justice programs however they are grounded in its theory. The current conventional criminal justice process takes a more punitive, ‘retributive’ view of criminal justice. The retributive approach has become grounded into our current system of justice whereby it intends to establish blame on offenders and make them repay their debt to society by inflicting a form of punishment (Ball, 2000). The general stance in relation to the ‘retributive system’ is that its more offender-oriented and its focus is the past rather than the future (Griffiths, 1999). In addition to establishing blame, it tends to give less attention to future-oriented concerns such as how to repair the damages caused by the crime and how future recurrences can be prevented (Young, M, 1999). It has been argued that the existing ‘retributive system’ places excessive emphasis on the past whilst being less constructive towards victims, offenders and the society, as a result youths tend to get labelled as criminal from an early age leading in some cases to a life delinquent offending behaviour (Braithwaite, 1989). At present a crime is viewed as a social conflict within society, and so a crime is perceived an offense against society ratherShow MoreRelatedResearch Methodology And Legal Writing Essay3112 Words   |  13 Pagestransformation through law and thereby perceives law as a means of achieving socio economic justice and parity. iv. It provides an expert advice and gives feedback to the policy makers, legislature and judges for better formulation, enforcement and interpretation of law. v. It renders an invaluable help in shaping social legislations in tune with the social engineering philosophy of the modern state and in making them more effective instruments of the planned socio economic transformation. Limitations: iRead MoreThe Concept of Restorative Justice2164 Words   |  9 PagesThe criminal justice system views any crime as a crime committed against the state and places much emphasis on retribution and paying back to the community, through time, fines or community work. Historically punishment has been a very public affair, which was once a key aspect of the punishment process, through the use of the stocks, dunking chair, pillory, and hangman’s noose, although in today’s society punishment has become a lot more private (Newburn, 2007). However it has been argued that althoughRead More The Criminal Justice System Essays2382 Words   |  10 PagesThe criminal justice system views any crime as a crime committed against the state and places much emphasis on retribution and paying back to the community, through time, fines or community work. Historically punishment has been a very public affair, which was once a key aspect of the punishment process, through the use of the st ocks, dunking chair, pillory, and hangman’s noose, although in today’s society punishment has become a lot more private (Newburn, 2007). However it has been argued thatRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System And Crime2402 Words   |  10 Pages- - - - - - - - - - - - The criminal justice system views any crime as a crime committed against the state and places much emphasis on retribution and paying back to the community, through time, fines or community work. Historically punishment has been a very public affair, which was once a key aspect of the punishment process, through the use of the stocks, dunking chair, pillory, and hangman’s noose, although in today’s society punishment has become a lot more private (Newburn, 2007). HoweverRead MoreThe Punitive And Rehabilitative Approach As An Indispensable Part Of The Criminal Justice Reform Issue3487 Words   |  14 PagesOverview Offender incarceration is an indispensable part of the criminal justice reform issue. This paper contrasts the punitive and rehabilitative approach as two central areas of offender incarceration. The contemporary society presents individuals with divergent viewpoints on methods of dealing with offenders. A section of the public believes that offender incarceration is not an effective method of dealing with offenders. Most offenders from prison end up engaging in criminal activities and find

Major General Anthony Wayne in the American Revolution

Major General Anthony Wayne was a noted American commander during the American Revolution (1775-1783). A Pennsylvania native, Wayne was a prominent businessman before the war and aided in raising troops during the early days of the conflict. Commissioned into the Continental Army in early 1776, he initially served in Canada before joining General George Washingtons army. Over the next several years, Wayne distinguished himself in each of the armys campaigns as well as earned famed for his victory at the Battle of Stony Point. In 1792, Wayne was appointed to lead American forces during the Northwest Indian War. Relentlessly drilling his men, he led them to victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Following this triumph, Wayne negotiated the Treaty of Greenville which ended the war. Early Life Born January 1, 1745, at the family home in Waynesborough, PA, Anthony Wayne was the son of Isaac Wayne and Elizabeth Iddings. At a young age, he was sent to nearby Philadelphia to be educated at a school run by his uncle, Gabriel Wayne. During the course of the schooling, the young Anthony proved unruly and interested in a military career. After his father interceded, he began to apply himself intellectually and later attended the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) where he studied to become a surveyor. In 1765, he was dispatched to Nova Scotia on behalf of a Pennsylvania land company which included Benjamin Franklin among its owners. Remaining in Canada for a year, he helped found the Township of Monckton before returning to Pennsylvania. Arriving home, he joined his father in operating a successful tannery which became the largest in Pennsylvania. Continuing to work as a surveyor on the side, Wayne became an increasingly prominent figure in the colony and married Mary Penrose at Christ Church in Philadelphia in 1766.  The couple would ultimately have two children, Margaretta (1770) and Isaac (1772). When Waynes father died in 1774, Wayne inherited the company. Actively involved in local politics, he encouraged revolutionary feelings among his neighbors and served in the Pennsylvania legislature in 1775. With the outbreak of the American Revolution, Wayne aided in the raising of regiments from Pennsylvania for service with the newly-formed Continental Army. Still retaining an interest in military matters, he successfully obtained a commission as the colonel of the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment in early 1776. Major General Anthony Wayne Rank: GeneralService: Continental Army, US ArmyNickname(s): Mad AnthonyBorn: January 1, 1745 in Waynesborough, PADied: December 15, 1796 in Fort Presque Isle, PAParents: Isaac Wayne and Elizabeth IddingsSpouse: Mary PenroseChildren: Margaretta, IsaacConflicts: American RevolutionKnown For: Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth, and Battle of Stony Point Canada Dispatched north to aid Brigadier General Benedict Arnold and the American campaign in Canada, Wayne took part in the American defeat to Sir Guy Carleton at the Battle of Trois-Rivià ¨res on June 8. In the fighting, he distinguished himself by directing a successful rearguard action and conducting a fighting withdrawal as the American forces fell back. Joining the retreat up (south) Lake Champlain, Wayne was given command of the area around Fort Ticonderoga later that year. Promoted to brigadier general on February 21, 1777, he later traveled south of join General George Washingtons army and to take command of the Pennsylvania Line (the colonys Continental troops). Still relatively inexperienced, Waynes promotion irritated some officers who had more extensive military backgrounds. Philadelphia Campaign In his new role, Wayne first saw action at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11 where American forces were beaten by General Sir William Howe. Holding a line along the Brandywine River at Chadds Ford, Waynes men resisted attacks by Hessian forces led by Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen. Ultimately pushed back when Howe flanked Washingtons army, Wayne conducted a fighting retreat from the field. Shortly after Brandywine, Waynes command was the victim of a surprise attack on the night of September 21 by British forces under Major General Charles Grey. Dubbed the Paoli Massacre, the engagement saw Waynes division caught unprepared and driven from the field. Recovering and reorganizing, Waynes command played a key role at the Battle of Germantown on October 4. Statue of Brigadier General Anthony Wayne at Valley Forge. Photograph  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman During the opening phases of the battle, his men aided in exerting heavy pressure on the British center. With the battle going favorably, his men fell victim to a friendly fire incident that led them to retreat. Defeated again, the Americans withdrew into winter quarters at nearby Valley Forge. During the long winter, Wayne was dispatched to New Jersey on a mission to gather cattle and other foodstuffs for the army. This mission was largely successful and he returned in February 1778. Departing Valley Forge, the American army moved in pursuit of the British who were withdrawing to New York. At the resulting Battle of Monmouth, Wayne and his men entered the fight as part of Major General Charles Lees advance force. Badly handled by Lee and compelled to start retreating, Wayne assumed command of part of this formation and re-established a line. As the battle continued, he fought with distinction as the Americans stood up to the attacks of British regulars. Advancing behind the British, Washington assumed positions in New Jersey and the Hudson Valley. Leading the Light Infantry As the 1779 campaigning season began, Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton sought to lure Washington out of the mountains of New Jersey and New York and into a general engagement. To accomplish this, he dispatched around 8,000 men up the Hudson. As part of this movement, the British seized Stony Point on the western bank of the river as well as Verplancks Point on the opposite shore. Assessing the situation, Washington instructed Wayne to take command of the armys Corps of Light Infantry and recapture Stony Point. Developing a daring attack plan, Wayne moved forward on the night of July 16, 1779. In the resulting Battle of Stony Point, Wayne directed his men to rely on the bayonet to prevent a musket discharge from alerting the British to the impending attack. Exploiting flaws in the British defenses, Wayne led his men forward and, despite sustaining a wound, succeeded in capturing the position from the British. For his exploits, Wayne was awarded a gold medal from Congress. Remaining outside of New York in 1780, he aided in foiling Major General Benedict Arnolds plans to turn over West Point to the British by shifting troops to the fort after his treason was uncovered. At the end of the year, Wayne was forced to deal with a mutiny in the Pennsylvania Line caused by pay issues. Going before Congress, he advocated for his troops and was able to resolve the situation though many men left the ranks. Mad Anthony During the winter of 1781, Wayne is said to have earned his nickname Mad Anthony after an incident involving one of his spies known as Jemmy the Rover. Thrown in jail for disorderly conduct by local authorities, Jemmy sought aid from Wayne. Refusing, Wayne instructed that Jemmy be given 29 lashes for his behavior leading the spy to say that the general was mad. Having rebuilt his command, Wayne moved south to Virginia to join a force led by the Marquis de Lafayette. On July 6, Lafayette attempted an attack on Major General Lord Charles Cornwalliss rearguard at Green Spring. Leading the assault, Waynes command advanced into a British trap. Nearly overwhelmed, he held off the British with a daring bayonet charge until Lafayette could arrive to aid in extricating his men. Later in the campaign season, Washington moved south along with French troops under the Comte de Rochambeau. Uniting with Lafayette, this force besieged and captured Cornwallis army at the Battle of Yorktown. After this victory, Wayne was sent to Georgia to combat Native American forces which were threatening the frontier. Successful, he was awarded a large plantation by the Georgia legislature. Postwar With the end of the war, Wayne was promoted to major general on October 10, 1783, before returning to civilian life. Living in Pennsylvania, he operated his plantation from afar and served in the state legislature from 1784-1785. A strong supporter of the new US Constitution, he was elected to Congress to represent Georgia in 1791. His time in the House of Representatives proved short-lived as he failed to meet the Georgia residency requirements and was forced to step down the following year. His entanglements in the South soon ended when his lenders foreclosed on the plantation. Major General Anthony Wayne, ca. 1795. Public Domain Legion of the United States In 1792, with the Northwest Indian War ongoing, President Washington sought to end a string of defeats by appointing Wayne to take over operations in the region. Realizing that previous forces had lacked training and discipline, Wayne spent much of 1793, drilling and instructing his men. Titling his army the Legion of the United States, Waynes force included light and heavy infantry, as well as cavalry and artillery. Marching north from present-day Cincinnati in 1793, Wayne built a series of forts to protect his supply lines and the settlers in his rear. Advancing north, Wayne engaged and crushed a Native American army under Blue Jacket at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. The victory at ultimately led to the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, which ended the conflict and removed Native American claims to Ohio and the surrounding lands. In 1796, Wayne made a tour of the forts on the frontier before beginning the journey home. Suffering from gout, Wayne died on December 15, 1796, while at Fort Presque Isle (Erie, PA). Initially buried there, he body was disinterred in 1809 by his son and his bones returned to the family plot at St. Davids Episcopal Church in Wayne, PA.